The Role of Low-Carbohydrate Diets for Children and Teens with Diabetes: Navigating the Challenges for Optimal Health

Published on November 3, 2023, 12:43 am

A child’s diet plays a crucial role in their growth, health, and overall well-being. As a parent or caregiver of a child with diabetes or at risk for the disease, you may be concerned about what foods are best for them. The question arises: do low-carbohydrate diets, often touted as solutions, make sense for children and teens?

Diabetes is a pressing health issue among young people in the United States. From 2001 to 2017, cases of type 1 diabetes increased by 45%, and cases of type 2 diabetes skyrocketed by an alarming 95%. The concerns surrounding diabetes extend beyond the condition itself, as it can lead to long-term complications such as heart disease, kidney disease, vision problems, and life-threatening complications.

Currently, there is no cure for diabetes, especially for those with a family history of type 1 diabetes. However, we can help prevent many cases of type 2 diabetes through healthy lifestyle habits. Additionally, we can provide children with type 1 diabetes with the tools they need to manage their blood sugar levels effectively and live active and healthy lives.

In this fight against diabetes and its associated risks, good nutrition plays a vital role. However, defining what constitutes “good nutrition” can be challenging when it comes to growing bodies.

Some healthcare providers have suggested that low-carbohydrate diets like the ketogenic diet may benefit children and teens living with or at risk of developing diabetes. These diets have been praised for their effectiveness in achieving weight loss in some individuals. However, others question whether the severe restrictions imposed by these diets are the best solution, especially for children already managing diabetes.

Children in the U.S. currently derive approximately 50% of their calories from carbohydrates—a statistic that aligns with the nutritional guidelines set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. However, most of these carbohydrates come from added sugars and starches found in highly processed foods. Sugary cereals, snacks, sodas, and candy are examples of foods linked to higher blood sugar levels, weight gain, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. These processed foods lack the nutrients needed to make children feel full and satisfied, and they often lead to overeating.

While cutting out most carbohydrates from a child’s diet may seem like a solution, it may not be wise for several reasons:

1. Growing bodies require the necessary nutrients found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Restricting carbohydrates too severely can hinder a child’s growth and impact their bone health.

2. Carbohydrates provide essential energy for children’s bodies and brains to thrive in various activities such as sports, studying, socializing, and more.

3. High-protein diets can strain the kidneys as they need to eliminate excess protein that the body does not require.

4. Labeling carbohydrates as “bad” foods may contribute to disordered eating patterns and increase the risk of conditions such as anorexia or bulimia.

5. Restrictive diets can add stress to family and social situations. Limited food choices may make children feel isolated from their siblings and friends. Additionally, planning keto-friendly meals can create tension among parents or caregivers, which can affect a child’s overall well-being.

A more balanced approach is recommended when considering low-carb or keto diets for children:

1. Good nutrition is crucial for all children and teens, especially those with diabetes or prediabetes.
2. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) advises that children with diabetes should be monitored by a comprehensive medical team that includes their pediatrician or family doctor.
3. The AAP does not recommend keto or other ultra-low-carb diets for children with diabetes unless under close supervision by a specialized diabetes care team focused on safety protocols.
4. When seeking guidance about childhood nutrition and your child’s specific needs regarding diabetes or prediabetes, consult with their pediatrician. Pediatricians are well-equipped to navigate health risks and offer advice tailored to your child’s individual needs.

Navigating the world of childhood nutrition can be challenging, particularly when managing diabetes. When in doubt or if you have concerns, always reach out to your child’s doctor for guidance. Pediatricians play a crucial role in helping children and teens develop healthy habits and minimize health risks. Trust their expertise to ensure your child’s well-being and the overall health of your family.

With a balanced approach to nutrition and support from healthcare professionals, we can optimize our children’s health and reduce the risk of diabetes-related complications. Let’s prioritize their well-being by making mindful food choices and fostering healthy habits from an early age.